Trova is a cultural expression deeply rooted in the heart of Colombia, especially in the Paisa cultural region, where it has become a form of artistic expression that blends wit, humor, social critique, and oral tradition. For Colombians, trova is not just a game of rhymed words — it is a symbol of cleverness, popular wisdom, and cultural resilience. Its spontaneous nature, entertaining power, and strong connection to rural roots make trova a true gem within the country’s musical mosaic.
What is trova?
Trova is a form of song and improvised poetry in which two or more “trovadores” (or “repentistas”) face off in a kind of lyrical duel. The goal is to create rhymed verses with meter, often humorous or satirical. These contests are known as “piques de trova” and are a common spectacle at local festivities, festivals, and cultural events. The verses can revolve around everyday life, politics, love, or even the audience itself. The core of the performance lies in sharp, quick improvisation.
Unlike other musical forms where lyrics are prepared in advance, Colombian trova especially values the performer’s ability to compose on the spot, responding with creativity and coherence to their opponent’s provocations. The trovador who rhymes with the most wit and flair usually wins the crowd’s applause.
Origin of trova in Colombia
Although the word “trova” has medieval roots and was originally associated with European troubadours — poet-musicians who sang about love in European castles during the 12th century — in Colombia, trova took on a unique meaning, closely tied to the country’s rural soul.
What is popularly known as “trova paisa” emerged in the departments of Antioquia and Caldas, where peasants and laborers began improvising verses during their breaks or at local celebrations. Over time, this tradition gained strength in Medellin, the capital of Antioquia, becoming one of the pillars of the region’s folklore.
In the 20th century, trova gained visibility thanks to festivals organized by local radio stations and, later, through television. One of the most recognized stages is the National Festival of Trova, held annually during Medellin’s Feria de las Flores, where the best trovadores from across the country compete before thousands of spectators.
Festivals that celebrate trova
Beyond the National Festival of Trova, Colombia hosts numerous events throughout the year to celebrate this tradition. Towns in Antioquia such as Itagüi, Envigado, Bello, and Rionegro organize local trova festivals where young talents share the stage with seasoned trovadores. These festivals not only entertain the public but also keep the tradition alive, encourage the involvement of new generations, and strengthen the region’s cultural fabric.
These gatherings include individual and paired competitions, training workshops, concerts, and educational activities. Trova festivals are also community events where humor and creativity create a festive, welcoming, and deeply Colombian atmosphere.
Cultural and educational importance
Trova is more than entertainment — it is also a pedagogical and social tool. Through it, values are transmitted, traditional language is preserved, critical thinking is encouraged, and communication skills are developed. Many young trovadores have found in this art form a way to connect with their roots, improve their public speaking, and actively engage in their cultural communities.
Moreover, trova plays a vital role in social commentary, allowing performers to highlight injustices or political situations in a playful, respectful, and humorous way. This critical function has made trova a form of peaceful resistance and a powerful voice for the people.
Today, Colombian trova is beginning to cross borders. Thanks to digital platforms and social media, videos of piques de trova have gone viral, capturing the attention of international audiences fascinated by the verbal skills of the performers. Trova academies have also emerged to train new generations of improvisers, helping ensure the continuity of this unique and vibrant art form.