The birth rate in Colombia has experienced a significant decline in recent years, consolidating one of the most important demographic transformations in the country’s recent history. Currently, Colombia records levels close to 13 births per 1,000 inhabitants (2025), the lowest figure ever registered, according to data from DANE and health authorities.
This phenomenon reflects a structural change in Colombian society. While in the 1960s and 1970s the rate exceeded 40 births per 1,000 inhabitants, today the country is moving toward a model of smaller families, with a progressively aging population and a sustained reduction in the number of births.
Colombia in the global context: a faster decline
Although the decline in birth rates is a global trend, Colombia’s case has drawn attention due to the speed at which it has occurred. Compared to countries traditionally associated with low birth rates, such as Japan (around 7 births per 1,000 inhabitants) and South Korea (around 5), Colombia has experienced a similar decline in a much shorter period.
In Latin America, Colombia is also among the countries with lower birth rates. Mexico maintains an approximate rate of 17 births per 1,000 inhabitants, while Brazil is around 14. In contrast, the United States has a rate close to 11, with a more gradual decline. The global average stands at around 17.
This situation places Colombia in a demographic scenario comparable to that of countries with advanced population aging, but with the added challenge of having reached these levels in less time, intensifying its social and economic implications.
Bogota: a reflection of the country’s demographic transformation
This national trend is clearly reflected in Bogota, the country’s capital. According to figures from DANE and the District Health Secretariat, between 2022 and 2025, the number of births in the city decreased by 13.85%, dropping from 64,765 to 55,793.
The capital shows a marked transition toward smaller families, in line with changes in urban lifestyles. Factors such as access to education, employment, and the cost of living directly influence the decision to have fewer children, reinforcing a trend that is more pronounced than in other regions of the country.
Factors behind the decline in births
Several elements explain this sustained decrease. One of the main factors is the greater access of women to higher education and the labor market, leading many to delay motherhood or have fewer children. This is accompanied by the widespread availability of contraceptive methods and strengthened family planning programs.
The cost of living is also a key factor. In cities such as Bogota, high expenses related to housing, health care, and education lead many families to choose to have fewer children as an economic decision. Culturally, there has also been a shift, with personal and professional goals taking priority over traditional large-family models.
Urbanization also plays a direct role, as large cities tend to have lower birth rates compared to rural areas.
Warnings over territorial inequality and teenage pregnancy
Despite the overall decline, significant challenges remain. In Bogota, southern localities such as Bosa, Ciudad Bolivar, and San Cristobal report the highest birth rates, highlighting persistent social and economic inequalities.
This situation has prompted authorities to strengthen sexual and reproductive education, especially in vulnerable communities, to prevent unplanned pregnancies and promote informed decision-making.
One of the most concerning issues is teenage pregnancy. Among girls aged 10 to 14, there were 139 births in 2022, increasing to 150 in 2023 and 172 in 2024, before declining to 143 in 2025. Although the recent decrease is positive, the issue remains a concern.
Changes in the population pyramid and future challenges
The decline in birth rates is transforming the country’s demographic structure. Colombia has moved away from the traditional population pyramid and now resembles more of a “tree” or even a “mushroom,” with a narrower base and a larger proportion of adults and older individuals.
This shift has significant implications. From an economic perspective, the pension system faces a structural challenge: There will be fewer workers contributing and more people reaching retirement age, which could make the current system unsustainable without reforms.
Additionally, sectors such as education may see reduced student demand, while the labor market could face a decline in the future workforce.
In this context, experts agree on the need to anticipate these changes through public policies that ensure economic sustainability, social equity, and proper adaptation to the country’s new demographic reality.