A long-lost city buried beneath the earth for over 3,500 years is now welcoming visitors in northern Peru. The archaeological site, named Peñico, sits in the province of Barranca and is gaining attention for its historical and cultural importance. Located about a four-and-a-half-hour drive from Lima, the newly accessible city is offering a rare opportunity to explore life in ancient South America.
Peñico was once a thriving center that connected communities across Peru’s coast, highlands, and jungle. Researchers believe the city served as a meeting point for trade and spiritual gatherings, playing a central role in the development of early societies in the region. The site dates back to between 1800 and 1500 B.C., placing it in the same timeframe as the early civilizations of Mesopotamia and Asia.
New discoveries suggest lost city of Peñico rose after Caral’s fall
Peñico lies near the Supe Valley, close to Caral — known as the oldest civilization in the Americas. Caral dates back more than 5,000 years and was notable for its advanced urban design and monumental buildings. However, scientists believe climate changes may have led to Caral’s decline, eventually paving the way for Peñico to rise in importance.
Archaeologist Ruth Shady, who led the Peñico excavation, emphasized the site’s role in shaping regional culture. She explained that its position made it a natural link between communities from the Pacific coast, the Andean mountains, and the Amazon rainforest. Shady described Peñico as a place where people exchanged ideas, goods, and traditions.
After nearly a decade of research, archaeologists have uncovered 18 major structures, including homes, temples, and public plazas. One standout feature is a large plaza with carved walls that depict conch shell trumpets, known as pututus, which were used in ceremonies to send sound across long distances.
Cultural artifacts reveal ancient beliefs and daily life in Peru
Excavations have also uncovered detailed clay sculptures, ceremonial objects, and handmade jewelry made of beads and seashells. These items offer insight into the beliefs and artistic expression of the people who lived in Peñico. The artifacts suggest a rich culture with spiritual practices and a high level of craftsmanship.
The Peruvian Ministry of Culture, represented by archaeologist Marco Machacuay, confirmed that Peñico continues the tradition established by Caral. This connection adds to the historical value of the site and strengthens Peru’s reputation as a major destination for cultural tourism.
Travelers can reach Peñico by following the same road used to visit Caral. The journey begins at kilometer 184 of the Panamericana Norte Highway, then continues along a local route for 34 kilometers into the highlands.
With Peñico now open to the public, visitors have another chance to connect with Peru’s deep and diverse past. Alongside well-known landmarks like Machu Picchu and the Nazca Lines, this newly revealed city adds a fresh chapter to the country’s rich archaeological story.