Colombia is known worldwide for its biodiversity, hosting approximately 10% of the planet’s species in its multiple ecosystems.
Among the rich fauna that adorns its tropical rainforests, one of the most majestic creatures is the harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja).
This bird has been seen from Guatemala and Belize in Central America to Bolivia and Paraguay in South America. Although, Colombia is the country with the largest population of this species.
The number of harpy eagles currently inhabiting the planet is estimated to be between 100,000 and 250,000, according to the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
The imposing harpy eagle not only stands out for its unique characteristics and its role in the ecology, being for example an important snake predator, but also for being a national symbol, representing the courage and strength of the Colombian Air Force (FAC), since 2016.
Harpy eagle, characteristics of the imposing bird in Colombia
The harpy eagle is one of the largest birds of prey in the world, which makes it a true jewel of Colombian biodiversity.
Its imposing size is one of its most striking features: it measures between 86 and 107 centimeters and has a wingspan that can reach two meters. Adults can weigh between six and 10 kilograms, with females being notably larger than males, a common characteristic in birds of prey.
Its appearance is majestic: it has dark gray plumage on the body, broad and powerful wings, and a head crowned by a crest of feathers that bristles when it feels threatened. These details make it easily recognizable. In addition, its exceptional eyesight and powerful claws make it a formidable hunter.
Its diet includes mammals such as sloths, monkeys and small reptiles, which demonstrates its importance as a top predator in jungle ecosystems.
Distribution and habitat in Colombia
The harpy eagle inhabits mainly humid tropical rainforests, where it can find large trees for nesting and hunting. In Colombia, its presence is concentrated in areas such as the Amazon, the Orinoco and the biogeographic Choco region, although its populations are difficult to quantify due to the extent and density of these forests.
It is usually sighted in areas of difficult access, which makes it an elusive species and relatively unknown to most people.
These birds build their nests in giant trees, such as ceiba or almond trees, at heights that can exceed 30 meters. Each pair of harpy eagles usually has only one offspring every two or three years, given the time it takes them to raise their chick until it is ready to become independent.
This low reproductive rate makes the conservation of their habitats crucial to ensure the survival of the species.
Conservation status and threats
Although the harpy eagle is considered “near threatened” according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, populations in Colombia face several challenges. Deforestation and agricultural and livestock expansion have reduced its natural habitat, fragmenting the forests where this bird reigns supreme.
In addition, poaching continues to be a problem in some rural areas, where it is hunted out of fear or as a trophy.
Environmental organizations and the Colombian government have implemented conservation programs in collaboration with local communities. The aim is not only to protect the forests where the harpy eagle lives, but also to raise awareness of the ecological importance of the species.
In some national parks, such as Amacayacu National Natural Park and Chiribiquete National Natural Park, efforts are being made to monitor their populations and educate the local population.
The harpy eagle as a symbol of the Colombian Air Force
Beyond its biological relevance, the harpy eagle was adopted as a symbol of the Colombian Air Force (FAC) eight years ago, representing values such as strength, courage and freedom.
For several years, the image of this majestic bird has appeared on the emblems and uniforms of the institution, inspiring its members to protect the sovereignty of the country’s airspace with the same determination with which the harpy dominates the skies of the jungle.
The choice of the harpy eagle as emblem is not accidental. This bird, like the FAC, acts with precision and agility, keeping watch from on high and being able to act with forcefulness when needed.
Its association with freedom and sovereignty makes it a powerful icon for a military force charged with protecting the Colombian sky.
The harpy eagle, a treasure that Colombia must protect
The harpy eagle is not only a national symbol or an important piece of the ecosystem; it is also a reminder of the fragility and richness of Colombia’s biodiversity. Protecting this species implies conserving the vast tropical forests where it lives, which in turn guarantees the survival of thousands of other species that depend on these ecosystems.
In this sense, the conservation of the harpy eagle becomes a commitment to the country’s natural heritage and a responsibility shared by all Colombians.
With the support of environmental organizations, local communities and the government, the protection of this emblematic species can be an example of how conservation and sustainable development can go hand in hand.
In addition, the figure of the harpy eagle, which has no other predator than humans, highlights the importance of joining efforts to preserve what makes Colombia unique: its biological and cultural diversity, something that is of global relevance these days in the context of the COP16 in Cali.