An ancient road built more than two millennia ago has been unearthed in China’s Shaanxi Province, offering fresh insight into early Chinese infrastructure. The discovery includes an 8-mile section of a road that dates back to the Qin Dynasty, one of the most influential periods in Chinese history. Experts believe this route, found in the Hengshan District of Yulin, was part of a much larger network used during the reign of Emperor Qin Shi Huang.
This road was likely a key piece of the Qinzhidao, a large-scale military and administrative transport system. It is thought to have played a major role in connecting different regions of the newly unified China over 2,200 years ago.
The find was made during a 2024 field survey carried out by the Cultural Relics Protection Research Institute in Yulin. Researchers documented the layout and current condition of the road remains, which now add valuable information to the ongoing study of the Qin Dynasty’s transportation system.
Straight roads through mountains show ancient engineering skill
Although much of the road has been worn down over time, its design still stands out. Archaeologists reported that the path runs unusually straight, even through mountainous areas — an indication of advanced planning and construction.
Along the uncovered stretch, they identified nine mountain passes that were carefully cut into the terrain. They also found a packed-earth slope, clear signs of worn road surfaces, and the base of the road that was tightly compacted for durability.
These features suggest that the route was not only used for movement but was built to last, likely serving military and government functions. The construction style points to the Qin Dynasty’s strategic approach to connecting its empire during a time of political and military unification.
Ancient settlement found along the route
In addition to the road itself, archaeologists discovered traces of a small settlement nearby. Based on the location and objects found at the site, including pottery and roof tiles, the area likely served as a courier post or a maintenance station for travelers and messengers. Experts say the settlement was active during the Qin and early Han dynasties, roughly between 221 B.C. and 220 A.D.
The discovery is expected to help researchers fill in missing sections of the Qinzhidao’s full path. As one of the oldest known transport systems in Chinese history, this road network played a key role in maintaining control across vast territories and enabling communication between regions. Researchers believe further excavations could reveal even more about how the ancient Chinese government managed infrastructure and transportation at a national scale.